Deep Breathing Exercises for Panic Disorder

Deep Breathing Exercises for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Coping Print Deep Breathing for Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 26, 2020 PeopleImages / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Relaxation techniques are strategies used to assist in managing panic symptoms, reducing stress, and eliciting a sense of calm. Such techniques, including breathing exercises, have also been shown to help manage panic attacks.?? The following describes the relaxation technique of deep breathing. Start practicing this technique today to begin feeling more relaxed. Benefits Breathing is a function that we all do naturally and with little conscious awareness or effort. Deep breathing, also called diaphragmatic breathing, involves bringing one’s focus to the breathing process.?? Attention and effort are brought to each breath, allowing the belly and ribcage completely fill with each inhalation, followed by complete exhalations, letting all of the air out. Breathing exercises are typically easy to learn and can quickly help decrease nervousness. The exercises can also provide a cleansing effect, making you feel more relaxed, refreshed, and energized. Deep breathing is also often the foundation for many other relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), meditation, and visualization.?? Your breathing plays an important role in managing the symptoms of panic disorder. Although you may not be conscious of your breathing process, it is likely that your breathing becomes accelerated when you are feeling nervous or afraid. Chest breathing, which doesn’t allow for full, complete breaths, is often associated with increased feelings of anxiety.?? In fact, hyperventilation (or feeling short of breath) is one of the most common symptoms of panic attacks. Is Shortness of Breath a Symptom of Panic Disorder? Taking fuller breaths allows you to feel calmer and in control when faced with panic and anxiety. Breathing exercises can work to help you cope with shortness of breath, along with other common anxiety- and panic-related symptoms, such as decreasing accelerated heart rate and relieving muscle tension.?? Additionally, diaphragmatic breathing exercises shifts focus towards the rhythm of your breath, clearing the mind of anxious, fearful, and negative thoughts. A Deep Breathing Exercise Deep breathing only requires a quiet environment and a few minutes of your time. The following are steps to a simple deep breathing exercise:Begin in a comfortable position with a straight spine, such as sitting upright in a chair or lying down on your back.Close your eyes or look down to assist in reflecting inward and focusing.Start to simply notice your breath. Are you breathing in and out from your chest? Are you breathing rapidly or slowly?Keeping your shoulders relaxed and still, begin to breathe with intention. Inhaling deeply and slowly through your nose, feeling your center expand as you fill your body with the breath. Gradually exhale out through your mouth, letting all of the stale air out.Continue to focus on your breath, noticing how your center rises and falls with each breath you take. Repeat for five to 10 more cycles of breath.As you breathe deeply, notice how you feel throughout your body. Are there areas that feel tenser than others? With each exhalation imagine th at your body releases stress and tension.Before ending your exercise, take a few moments to notice how you feel physically, mentally, and emotionally. Additional Tips Focusing on your breath during a panic attack is not as easy as it may seem. To get the most out of deep breathing, it is important that you practice regularly and at times when you are not feeling excessively anxious. If practiced often, you will be also to use this technique when intense anxiety or panic attacks occur. If you are having trouble focusing on the expansion and contraction of your center, it may be helpful to place your hands on your belly or ribcage. As you practice deep breathing, notice how your center widens and when you inhale and contracts inward with each breath out. When practicing deep breathing, always bring effort and focus to shifting from chest to abdominal breathing. Take deep breathing exercises slow and stop if you feel worse. It is possible that focusing on your breath may initiate increased anxiety.?? If this exercise makes you feel more nervous, try taking only a few deep breaths and gradually work your way up to more. Pick a time to practice your exercises that suits your lifestyle, but aim to work in your breathing for at least five to 10 minutes a day.?? Practice in the morning to start the day off relaxed, in the afternoon to recharge, or in the evening to get a better night’s rest. For an even more relaxing and anxiety-reducing experience, breathing exercises can also be used with visualization.   Strategies for Getting Through a Panic Attack

The Small Business Act ( Sba ) - 1619 Words

According to the Small Business Act (SBA) of 1953; small businesses should receive a fair proportion of federal contracts and those small businesses should have the maximum practical opportunity to participate in federal contracting. The Small Business Act established the Small Business administration (SBA) to aid small businesses and to insure they receive a fair proportion of federal contracts. 3%governmentwide goal for awards go to historically underutilized business zone (HUBZone) small businesses, and 3%governmentwide goal for awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses (SDVOSB). A contract can get counted towards more than one goal: an award to an SDB in a HUBZone that is owned by a service-disabled woman veteran would be counted towards all the goals. The small business set asides says that to qualify â€Å"Total Small Business Set-Aside â€Å"shall be set aside for small business unless the contracting officer determines there is not a reasonable expectation of obtaining offers from two or more responsible small business concerns that are competitive in terms of market prices, quality, and delivery.† This requirement is commonly called the â€Å"rule of two,† and it applies to all purchases that exceed the micro-purchase threshold. Since KSI is a small business intruding to deal mainly with the navy and has all the necessary qualifications as set aside by the HUBZone it can associate to participate in this program. K. Smith, Inc. (KSI) a small floor refinishingShow MoreRelated The Small Business Administration (SBA) Essay examples1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe Small Business Administration (SBA) In July of 1953 the United States Congress amended an act called the Small Business Act. Many believed that the essence of the American economic system of private enterprise is free competition. Also, that only through full and free competition can free markets, free entry into business, and opportunities for expression and growth of personal initiative and individual judgment can be assured. Thus, the Small Business Act was amended. In order to carryRead MoreThe Small Business Administration ( Sba )1236 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The Small business administration (SBA) was created on July 30, 1953, by President Eisenhower with the signing of the Small Business Act. When it was created, there are some presidents want to stop it and some presidents want to develop it. Therefore, we also can see it active in the United States government on today. In this paper, I will through the background of The Small Business Administration (SBA) to introduce what type of organization is it? What does the organization do? WhoRead MoreThe Small Business Administration (SBA) Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Small Business Administration â€Å"aids, counsels, assists, and protects the interests of small business concerns.† They assist small businesses by providing them with whatever is necessary and will not stop until they get the business to be successful without their assistance. Although they are not able to give the business all of the necessities they need, they do their best and as much as they can do. Their m otto is, â€Å"Aid, counsel, assist, and protect insofar as is possible, the interests of smallRead MoreThe Historically Underutilized Business Zones ( Hubzone )1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBzone) is a program created under the Small Business Reauthorization act of 1997. The goal of HUBzone is to â€Å"help small businesses in urban and rural communities gain preferential access to federal procurement opportunities.† The program was designed so an increase in federal contract opportunities could in turn promote employment opportunities, investment, and economic development in designated HUBzones. HUBzones are defined as nonmetropolitan countiesRead MoreExternal Controls Of Small Business Administration1187 Words   |  5 PagesExternal controls of Small Business Administration There are two general approaches to maintaining responsible conduct within public organizations: internal controls and external controls (Terry L. Copper, 2012). In the SBA, there are lot offices can help this agency to do well on the internal controls, they through training, education, formal and informal exchange of ideas and so on to maintain ethical conduct. On the other hand, how are its external controls? From we learn in the class, we knowRead MoreImproving Capital Access Programs Within The Sba1463 Words   |  6 PagesSubcommittee on Economic Growth, Tax and Capital Access (of the Committee on Small Business) entitled ‘Improving Capital Access Programs within the SBA’, discussed ways to give more money to its veteran entrepreneurs. This would be done by changing the loan process within the Small Business Administration. The House report gives the following testimony from, â€Å"a lender authorized to operate in the Loan Program that the initiative would help S BA-guaranteed lenders get needed capital to veterans,† (p.4 HR). ThisRead MoreMaking An Outline For A Business1217 Words   |  5 Pagesabout if you really want a business or not, what type of business you might want to go into and steps that would help you understand the business world and to start the business. ï‚ § Create Your Business Plan- A business plan helps the owner’s succeeds in their business. It outlines the first 3-5 years of the businesses life. There are articles that help you create an outline for a business. ï‚ § Choose Your Business Structure- This lists articles that tell you about each Business structure, so the ownerRead MoreRole Of Contracting Officer And The Small Business Association1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the small business set-aside program and its intent. We will look at the role the contracting officer and the Small Business Association (SBA) play in the making the determination to set-aside acquisitions specifically for small business set-asides and the factors they consider when making those decisions/determinations. There are certain criteria that must be met and we will discuss those criteria in relation to the type of set-aside and theRead MoreThe Department Of Defense Subcontracting Plan Programs, Acts, And Policies Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesDepartment of Defense subcontracting plan programs, Acts, and policies that are in effect. Furthermore, will detail the type of subcontracting plans, when they apply, procedures, and routing given by the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Following will explain how subcontracting plans are utilized in source selections, the economic impacts subcontracting has on small businesses, and how subcontracting plans are managed. Acts and Policies The Small Business Act, and subsequent reassuring public laws directRead MoreAre United States Business Laws Effective at Promoting Fair Business Practices762 Words   |  4 Pagestrade and perform business transactions daily within a multitude of industries and professions. In order to preserve the trust and integrity of our financial systems, it is imperative that the United States implement, regulate, and enforce business practices to remain relevant and effective within the constantly changing global economic marketplace. The United States has a long history of ensuring fair and balanced business practices through legislation. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, began a

Erik Erikson s Theory Of Development - 1245 Words

Susan is a sixty-seven year old woman. She worked in human resources for a significant portion of her life, however, in her later middle adult life decided to return to school to study to be a registered nurse (RN). This was tough for Susan considering she was a mother of five—her eldest being in her late twenties and her youngest in elementary school. When asked to reminisce over her life, Susan had numerous interesting stories from her life and shared much wisdom. If one analyzes Susan’s lifespan interview using Erikson’s theory, they will realize that she has always been conquering developmental conflict at each life stage. Before analyzing Susan’s life, when one looks closely at Erik Erikson’s theory, there are eight stages of†¦show more content†¦In this developmental stage adults face generativity versus stagnation. In the last developmental stage, late adulthood, people encounter an integrity versus despair crisis (Coon Mitterer, 20 15, p. 123-126). In addition, each stage has a virtue that is accomplished after the crisis has been resolved. This was just an overview to Erikson’s developmental theory, however, it greatly assists the analyzation of Susan’s life. To begin, this paper will not examine at the trust versus mistrust stage considering Susan cannot recollect being an infant. Therefore, beginning at the early childhood stage, Susan felt extremely self-sufficient compared to her younger siblings; she remembers having bathroom accidents and incidents of bed-wetting. Nevertheless, she remembers seeking her mother out and asking for assistance in the cleanup. Therefore, Susan clearly achieved autonomy over shame and doubt. The virtue earned here was will—she was willing to seek support and admit wrongdoing. The subsequent stage is the middle childhood stage; this age is characterized by children being playful and commencement school. At this period, the crisis is initiative versus guilt . Susan showed initiative and made exceptional grades in preschool and elementary school and as stated previously she showed early signs of mastering appropriate times to be guilty. She was ambitious and determined to do outstanding in school and was remorseful when she did

Digital Market Markt Free Essays

string(35) " their product to their consumers\." Introduction Traditional Market The definition of the Traditional market is the directly meet customers. It’s based on four P’s strategies. There is no intermediator and profit orientation. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Market Markt or any similar topic only for you Order Now In traditional marketing the various media can be used for marketing products for example television, radio, print such as newspaper, magazines etc. Traditional markets can be also referred to as markets or marketplaces, is a relative to the supermarket stores, usually in a community will have at least one. There are three parties involving in the marketplace processes, which are basically the manufacturers, the marketing intermediaries and the customers. Manufacturers are the ones converting raw materials into goods and will either sell the goods directly to the customers or the marketing intermediaries whereas marketing intermediaries such as physical distribution firms, resellers, financial intermediaries and marketing services agencies will help the company to promote, sell and distribute the products to the final buyers. In traditional markets, customers will be able to see, touch and feel the goods and also have a face-to-face contact with the marketers. Also, customers can make a payment by paying cash, using debit card or credit card. Digital Market The definition of the Digital market is an electronic market that the use of information and communications technology to present a range of offerings available in a market segment so that the purchaser can compare the prices (and other attributes) of the offerings and make a purchase decision. Digital market is a broad term that refers to various and different promotional techniques deployed to reach customers via digital technologies. Digital market is embodied by an extensive selection of service, product and brand marketing tactics, which mainly use Internet as a core promotional medium, in addition to mobile and traditional TV and radio. In regard to internet marketing, these strategies could include videos, blogs, social networks, banners, online classified, online business listings, affiliate programs, ; articles, internet radio shows, and other options. Digital market involves promoting a product or service through the internet, mobile applications or email campaigns. Digital market is also known as Internet marketing, but their actual processes differ, as digital market is considered more targeted, measurable, and interactive. CONTENT OF TRADITIONAL MARKET Difference between Digital Market and Traditional Market Companies locate those products online that are usually bought by the customers. They located most wanted products and design with better qualities. Digital marketing helps customers to integrate the customer’s traffic across different types of marketing channels. It helps to open new and latest leas sources that are producing new models for variety of services. It also helps to give practical perspectives to involve the customers are exact decision making process. You can also develop and implement a wide variety of several models of growth. Digital marketing helps to design accurate models of business and track the ways of development in order to introduce with different opportunities through customer oriented approach or technique. When companies decide to expand their networks across cities or countries, they need to study all traditions and buying habits of customers belonging to that location. After study all traditions or buying habits, they need to design their products. When they design their products, they need to use digital marketing to create awareness about their products or services. Digital marketing helps them to promote their products. Digital marketing is a group of connected devices through internet that always busy to grab the attention of consumers efficiently. Digital marketing has huge innovative techniques or strategies that help companies to expand their products or services. They can make a direct contact with their customers or send messages that motivate customers about their products. Marketing content or messages sent by companies are engage to attract the customers and motivate them about product’s description. When companies launch their products in new place, they need to analyzed and organized clients mix of various channels with cost effective offerings. They need to redesign their content production procedures. Clients can easily find their required products. You should be careful about the social habits of customers when you launch your products. Companies locate those products online that are usually bought by the customers. Companies use different types of organized database that helps them to locate most buying products. They located most wanted products and design with better qualities. In digital marketing, you can use different marketing or social media to launch your products or services. There are many service providers in the markets that help you to find best digital marketing in order to analyze the resources and requirements of small as well as large business organizations. You can use social marketing, email, mobile or different channels to promote your products. It helps to find reliable and comfortable solutions of various issues. Marketers do not use traditional marketing because it is not convenient to grab the attention of customers. Digital marketing is a part of traditional marketing but more innovative that always uses multi channels in order to promote the products or services. Traditional markets are using the ‘reactive strategic posture toward cybermarketing’ to selling their product to their consumers. You read "Digital Market Markt" in category "Essay examples" Reactive strategic posture toward cybermarketing means that the company is focus on their physical distribution such as shop or outlets even though the company has opened online distribution channel. Traditional styles and theirs activities are unchanged and always be mentioned. However, it is not many of companies using this way. Some of them are only focus on their physical distribution and they are not going to open a business at internet. Instance of company only selling their product through their physical distribution is Nadeja cake shop. They are only doing their business using their own physical distribution. Traditional markets are using the regional marketing to advertise their product into their target market. They are focus on smaller size of the customers and try to satisfy their need and want. Besides, they are using their physical distribution to sell their product to their customers. Hence, it is subject to limit the sources of the consumers, and smaller the market share of the product. And they need to distribute many outlets to make their product more convenient for their target customers and increase their profit. When traditional market is used Business transactions only take place at a fixed time, which is normally from 9a. m. to 5p. m. (Monday to Friday), which is the local time. One can only visit the outlets at that particular time in order to purchase the company’s product. When buyers have specific needs, they will go to traditional market to look for their needs. Buyers determine the product offering and sellers determine the customer needs. Besides that, seller also offering goods that may fulfill those buyer needs. Therefore, traditional markets exist. Why traditional market is used Traditional market is used because can build long term relationship with seller or buyer and built on face-to-face interaction so that seller can learn more about potential buyers. , marketers are able to gain more trust aspect from the customers. A lot of people feel more comfortable purchasing products by visiting the physical stores as they are able to have a face-to-face-communication and eye contact with the consumers. Also, customers are able to feel, touch and see the goods before they make a purchase. Secondly, it has a higher durability. Advertising through online medium carries lots of uncertainties as the company’s website can be deleted, moved anytime and the search engine results change quite often. However, advertising through offline medium last longer as posters, billboards, flyers, banners and more bear longer than those ads on the internet. Thirdly, marketers will be able to get a faster results and response from the customers. If the advertisements are placed at the right place and the messages are address to the right customer, there will be lots of responses from the customers. However for digital markets, it takes time for any real results to happen as a market’s website will not be able to get high ranking from search engine optimization for a day or a month. It might even take up to several years to get responses from the customers. How traditional market is used Traditional markets are using the regional marketing to advertise their product into their target market. They are focus on smaller size of the customers and try to satisfy their need and want. Besides, they are using their physical distribution to sell their product to their customers. Hence, it is subject to limit the sources of the consumers, and smaller the market share of the product. And they need to distribute many outlets to make their product more convenient for their target customers and increase their profit. Traditional markets are using the reactive strategic posture toward cyber marketing to selling their product to their consumers. Reactive strategic posture toward cyber marketing means that the company is focus on heir physical distribution such as shop or outlets even though the company has opened online distribution channel. Besides, traditional markets are using personal selling marketing strategy to promote their product to their customers. They are promoting face to face, persuade consumer to purchase. When digital market is used Digital market is the use of informat ion and communications technology to present a range of offerings available in a market segment so that the purchaser can compare the prices (and other attributes) of the offerings and make a purchase decision. Physical location of a market is in many cases irrelevant to buyers and sellers. Thus, digital market exists. Why digital market is used . This is because to improve economic efficiency by reducing margins between price and costs and speeding up complicated business deals. It may have high possibility to gather more customer information. Firstly, business transactions can be performed anytime and not limited to the fixed time restrictions, such as from 9a. m. to 5p. m. (Monday to Friday). Customers are allowed to purchase a product according to their time zone. For example, Amazon. com allows everyone to purchase their products without restrictions of time, which is for 365 days and 24 hours. Secondly, it helps to create a bounder less world as goods can be globally reached. For instance, an online database of properties in Greenland can be accessed not only from Greenland and also anywhere else such as Malaysia, Taiwan, America, Australia and more through the internet. Thirdly, marketers are able to deliver rich messages which contain texts, audios, videos, images and animationssimultaneously to a substantial amount of customers. For instance, Air Asia. com is able to persuadelarge amount of customers to purchase their passenger tickets as they are able to deliver their promotional activities, advertisements and price offer creatively and effectively to the customers. Fourthly, there is a two way communication between the marketers and customers. How digital market is used The exchange of goods and services between the marketers and customers take place through the electronic devices such as internet, ipad, iphone, laptop, phones and more. Digital markets are unconstrained by the shelf space, thus marketers are able to list out a catalogs of what the company is selling, the price they offer, promotions and more on their own website. Advantages of Traditional Marketing Faster Results Many forms of internet marketing, such as search engine optimization and banner ads, can take several weeks before any real results start to happen. Furthermore, banner ads are reportedly becoming less effective now-a-days and can also take some time to produce sufficient outcome. Traditional marketing however, can produce much faster and more effective results with well-placed ads that are suitable to a particular audience. You can expect a stronger impact in lesser time with traditional marketing. Durability The truth is many websites are deleted, moved, or abandoned all the time and search engine results also change periodically. Advertising offline has no uncertainties in that nature in any way. You can give someone your business card and that same reference can be good 10 or 20 years later. The same bears true for flyers and posters, although handouts have a slightly lower life expectancy than business cards. The point is that a business is more durable offline than it is online. Trust Trust is a huge factor of any business, regardless of how it is promoted. Many people are more comfortable with buying products from offline ads than on the internet. The reason is that you get to see the people or company you are interested in buying from and get to know them a little before you actually purchase. More times than not, many online ads and websites don’t provide that same trust aspect. The lingering of endless scam sites over the internet just makes that problem even worse. So most certainly, trust is more established in traditional marketing than on the internet. Disadvantages of Traditional market Timing Traditional marketing uses static text or advertising commercials to promote a product. If an ad is placed in the newspaper, it can’t change until you place another advertise. For example, if you have a sale on bicycles that you put in the newspaper and then you run out of bicycles, you may have many unhappy customers. On the other hand, on the Internet you can instantly update your page to let people know your bicycles are â€Å"sold out. † Costs Customer must pay for advertise in newspapers or mailers every time you run a new campaign. Adding new products or sales pages to your website doesn’t create additional costs if you already have a person on your team who can update your product information. Traditional marketing companies may charge per delivery area for fliers or mailers. On the Internet, your advertise is accessible to the entire World Wide Web. Customization With traditional market, it is difficult to target a specific customer. Specific market segments can be targeted, but not an individual. For example, advertising may target young women. The advertising may show young people interacting and present interesting copy about a new style of purse. On the Internet, new marketing techniques can track what a viewer has looked at and suggest similar products. Pricing Options Traditional marketing can present special sales and pricing. However, it is typically more difficult to offer complex bundle pricing. Most print marketing doesn’t have the space to explain all the different pricing variations that may appeal to buyers. An online catalogue may present you with an offer that if customers buy four items from one category, you get a free item from another category. Advantages of Digital Marketing Sending communications to a large number of people, really quickly Theoretically, we assume that some people who see your campaign message are so impressed that they quickly forward it to their friends. These friends also like your message, and send it off to their list of contacts. For example, if you send a message to 20 people, and each person shares the same with 100 others, who share it with 100 more, your internet marketing message has potentially been viewed by 200,000 people. This can be the whole population of a small town. Cost YouTube videos, Facebook posts or Twitter tweets can be created at almost zero cost. This allows you to connect with millions of Internet users, practically for free. Does not require much work Once you create your message, whether a video, photo, post or tweet, you just need to send it out once. If your digital marketing message is good enough, it will spread like wildfire, bringing you a whole host of new customers. Has a long shelf life All messages that you send over the Internet can be viewed by people for years. Sure, there will be times when your message will be more in vogue than others. People sometimes check their email or Facebook accounts after months. Those who find your internet marketing message appealing may forward it to their friends at a later date, giving you a pleasant surprise in the future. As internet marketing messages spread far and wide, it is quite possible for you to reap rich harvests at a later date. Disadvantage of Digital Market Lack of security Information of trading could be taped and fallen into the hands of criminals. The security used for payment might not be able to protect the users privacy. Rapid Change The software development tools are still evolving and changing rapidly. Not all digital market users can adapt to these changes. Lack of trust and user resistance Buyers do not trust an unknown faceless seller, paperless transactions, and electronic money. Lack of product contact Lack of touch and feel online. Some buyers like to touch items. Conclusion In conclusion, digital market same important with traditional market and each market have its benefits to society, but also companies. Users can access to digital market from anywhere via network connection, the physical location of digital market is not important to sellers and buyers. Besides, digital market has uniform way of searching and providing information of products and services. Traditional market is more complicated to search product. For my opinion, I had study how important is the two markers toward the company. The digital markets and traditional markets are very important to the companies. This is because, it can help the companies selling their products to their final customers to achieve their company goals. Although both markets have difference, they are helping the companies selling their product to their target markets and gain user. By using these two ways effectively, they can bring the company to the greater height and gaining more profit. How to cite Digital Market Markt, Essay examples

Protagonist Stories Essays - Everyday Use, Half Half,

Protagonist Stories "An initiation story may be said to show its young protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge about the world or himself and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world". In this essay I will be characterizing and evaluating each of the major protagonist in the following short stories. The first is Sammy of the famous short story "A&P". The second protagonist is Mama from the sad "Everyday Use". Finally Jackie the crazy kid from "First Confession" is my last protagonist. Sammy is a 19-year-old teenager who is from a small town near the ocean. He works at a grocery store as a cashier and three young ladies walk in wearing bathing suits and nothing else but their pride. He could not remember his name to save his life, let alone check ones groceries correctly. His emotions are on high and he is checking out the ladies left and right just like a teenager would and he stares not caring how it makes the women feel. He passes judgment on how the look and act during the whole time they are shopping; yet he has never met them. Keep in mind all of this is going on in his head for no one else can hear. Then he spots the store manager out of the corner of his eye and he turns sour because he knows he will do his best to kick the ladies out and ruin his fun. The store manager makes a big ordeal out of the situation and embarrasses them in front of the whole store. That very instant he knows the manager was wrong and does the righteous thing and quits. Sammy tells off his boss and walks out hopping maybe the women are still waiting on him. "Mama" is about forty or fifty and a mother of two Dee and Maggie. Mama is "in real life I am a large, big-boned women with rough, man-working hands". She loves Dee when she was a child the most and was considered her favorite. She loves Maggie too but Dee was the smart one so with some help from the church they raised some money to send her to college. Maggie stayed with mama and learned her way of life. Dee came home with a boy friend and tells mama that her name is no longer Dee. Mama takes this as an insult and gets up set thinks she is trying to forget her heritage. Dee, as if that isn't enough she starts to ask for antiques not because of the memories but because they were in style. Mama at this point was very angry but she handles the situation very well by not getting violent. She grabs Maggie kisses her and realizes how special she is. Jackie's grandfather died and his grandmother has to live with them now. She is a big old country women drinks like a fish and walks in bare feet, he hates her. He has a sister that torments him all day long; I don't blame him for getting violent with a butter knife. He thinks the whole world is out to get him. Ryan an old lady they pass on the street prepares him for his first confession. The only thing she ever talks about is hell, people burning furniture with their hands and putting one finger over a flame for five minutes. He goes to his confession not with his mom but with his evil sister. When he gets into the confessional both he does not know where to look so he starts to climb until someone answers. The father answer and is upset because he climbing around. Jackie adjusts and falls into the aisle and gets embarrassed. He ends up confessing all and finds out that this guy is the most interesting person he has meet and the experience wasn't as painful as everyone made it out to be. In conclusion, each one of the protagonists had some from of transformation in their life. For Sammy it was the manager embarrassing the women, mama it was Dee's desirer to forget her past and Jackie's was his first confession. "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." - George Orwell

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary surrounds the various subjects pertaining to horses. Below is a list of contemporary and historical words and phrases referring to horses distinguished by characteristics such as color or type of use (but not by breed- hundreds of distinct breeds exist). Some entries also include other meanings for the terms. 1. bay: a reddish-brown horse 2. black: a black horse 3. bronco: a wild horse of North America’s western region 4. buckskin: a yellowish horse with a dark mane and tail; also, the skin of a deer and the leather produced from it, or, previously, to a person dressed in such leather 5. carriage horse: a horse selected, based on appearance and graceful gait, to draw a carriage 6. cart horse: a horse used to draw heavy loads 7. charger: a horse ridden in battle, tournaments, or parades; also, a large platter 8. chestnut: a grayish-brown or reddish-brown horse; also, a type of tree, the wood of the tree, or the nuts produced by the tree (and to the horse chestnut, a separate species), as well as a callus on a horse’s leg or a tired joke, expression, or song 9. chunk: a strong, stocky horse smaller than a draft horse; also, a large or thick amount or part of something 10. cob: a stocky, short-legged horse; also, an ear of corn or the core of it, a male swan, a clay-and-straw mixture for building structures, or a type of Spanish coin 11. cold blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for calmness and strength 12. colt: a young male horse; also, a young, inexperienced person or a member of a youth sports team 13. courser: an energetic, fast horse 14. cow horse: a saddle horse trained for herding cattle 15. cow pony: see â€Å"cow horse† 16. cutting horse: a saddle horse trained to separate animals from a herd 17. destrier: see charger 18. dobbin: a slow horse, or a horse used on a farm 19. draft horse: see â€Å"cart horse† (also spelled, in British English, â€Å"draught horse†) 20. dun: a grayish-yellow horse with a dark mane and tail; also, that color, or drab and dull 21. feral horse: a free-roaming horse of domesticated ancestry, often loosely referred to as a â€Å"wild horse† 22. field hunter: see hunter 23. filly: a young female horse; also, a girl or a young woman 24. foal: a horse less than a year old; the phrase â€Å"in foal† means â€Å"pregnant† 25. galloper: a fast horse 26. gelding: a castrated horse 27. grade horse: a horse of unknown breed or mixed breed 28. hack: a horse available for hire, a worn-out horse, or an easygoing saddle horse (and see hackney); also, a ride on a horse, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation or its driver, a person (especially a writer) who works primarily for financial gain, an inexperienced or inept athlete, or a computer expert or someone who accesses a computer or a computer system to steal information or cause damage (or an instance of such an act) 29. hackney: a horse for riding or driving (and, capitalized, a breed of small, high-stepping horse); also, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation 30. hot blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for agility and speed 31. hunter: a strong horse used in fox hunting and stag hunting; also, a person who hunts wild animals or a dog trained to help in hunting, or a person who searches for something (as a treasure hunter), or a type of pocket watch 32. Iberian horse: any one of various breeds of horse once bred in Spain and Portugal 33. jade: a worn-out or temperamental horse; also, a flirtatious or disreputable girl or woman 34. jennet: previously, a small horse from Spain; also, a donkey or a stallion-donkey hybrid (also called a jenny) 35. mare: a mature female horse (or other similar animal); also, a supernatural being that was said to cause nightmares 36. mount: a saddle horse (and an instance of riding a horse, especially in a race); also, a frame or a support, or a mound or a mountain 37. mustang: a small, strong wild horse of North America’s western region; also, a commissioned officer in the military who began service as an enlisted person 38. nag: an old, worn-out horse; also, someone who annoys with repeated complaints or comments 39. Oriental horse: any one of various breeds of horse bred in the Middle East 40. pack horse: a horse used for carrying supplies 41. paint: a horse with patches of white and another color (sometimes distinguished from pinto to describe a pinto with quarter horse or Thoroughbred ancestry); also, a liquid layer applied to an object or structure, or slang for makeup or, in basketball (as â€Å"the paint†), the free throw lane 42. palfrey: a saddle horse other than one ridden in battle, or a small, easygoing horse to be ridden by a lady 43. palomino: a light cream or golden horse 44. piebald: a horse (or any other animal) spotted with white and another color, especially black; also, a spotted pattern like this 45. pinto: see paint 46. plug: see nag; also, something used to connect devices or to stop a hole or something resembling one, a piece of compressed tobacco, or a favorable mention that provides good publicity 47. polo pony: a horse used in the sport of polo 48. pony: a small, stocky horse (or in plural form, as slang, racehorses); also, a small glass for beer or liqueur, or a word-for-word translation of a text in a foreign language, especially when used to cheat on an examination 49. quarter horse: a small, strong horse good at running fast for short distances 50. racehorse: a horse bred and trained for competitive racing 51. riding pony: one of several types of horse used in competitive horseback riding 52. road horse: a horse used for pulling a carriage on a road 53. roan: a horse whose hide has white hairs mixed with a darker color; also, such a mixture, especially with a base of red 54. rouncey: an all-purpose horse ridden during the Middle Ages, as distinct from a warhorse (also spelled rouncy or rounsey) 55. saddle horse: a horse used for riding 56. show hunter: a hunter (see hunter) used in competitive horseback riding rather than for hunting 57. show pony: a type of riding pony (see â€Å"riding pony†) 58. skate: see nag; also, a shoe or an attachment for a shoe equipped with wheels (for rolling on a hard surface) or a blade (for sliding on ice), or a period of skating, or a flat fish with large fins, or slang for man 59. skewbald: a horse with patches of white and any other color than black 60. sorrel: a brownish-orange or light brown horse (or other animal); also, that color, or any one of several plants that produce a sour juice 61. sport horse: a horse used in various horseback-riding competitions (also spelled sporthorse) 62. stallion: an adult male horse (or other animal), especially one used for breeding 63. steed: a horse that is ridden, especially an energetic one 64. stock horse: a horse used in herding cattle 65. thoroughbred: a horse (or other animal) whose parents are from the same breed; technically, in capitalized form, a particular breed often bred for racing 66. trotter: a horse trained to trot in races; also, a pig’s foot used in cooking 67. warhorse: a large horse ridden in battle; also, a person with much experience (especially a politician or a soldier) or a familiar piece of visual or performing art 68. warmblood: any one of various breeds of horses bred to combine the characteristics of cold-blood and hot-blood types of horse 69. workhorse: a horse used for work other than riding, driving, or racing; also, a dependable, hardworking person or machine 70. working hunter: a type of show hunter (see â€Å"show hunter†) used in fence-jumping competition Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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ACT English Practice Questions

ACT English Practice Questions ACT English Practice Questions The actual ACT English section of the ACT exam will have five different reading passages with 75 questions total. Here, try your hand at just one of the reading passages to see how you might fare on this multiple-choice portion of the test. Be sure to use those ACT English strategies! The set-up below is a little different than what youll see on the actual exam. Here, the questions are indicated by a number in front of the bold text youll need to address. On the exam, the numbers will be underneath the underlined portion youll need to address. Additionally, the text will be on the right with the questions on the left on the actual test.   Scroll down for answers below the questions More Than Light Itself              Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On hot and humid summer evenings, almost everyone has witnessed fireflies, also called lightning bugs, flitting around (2)  your yard or landing on a windowsill and occasionally emitting a soft glow.  Flashing on and off like flashlights or twinkling holiday lights, a firefly is just one of the many organisms that can produce (3)  its own (4)  light. This feature, known as bioluminescence or cold light, (5)  appears in nature quite often.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All forms of light occur through a similar process. To understand this process, you must first know a little bit about atoms. Atoms are the (6)  smaller parts of elements, such as iron and  sodium, (7)  which have  the same chemical properties. The center of an atom is called the nucleus and is composed of particles called protons and neutrons. Other particles, called electrons, orbit the nucleus of an (8)  atom; just like the earth orbits the sun. The electrons orbit does not change unless the electrons are excited or energized in some way. QUESTION 9 Then, when they fall back to their normal energy level, they fall back to a lower orbit and release packets of energy called photons, (10)  which produce light. Light from a lamp or streetlight is produced when electrons are excited by heat from electricity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In bioluminescent organisms, electrons are excited by a chemical reaction, not heat, which is why the phenomenon is often referred to as cold light. The chemicals that various organisms use to create light are luciferin and luciferase. Luciferin is the substance that produces (11)  light  luciferase is the enzyme that causes the chemical reaction to begin. In the simplest terms, luciferase makes luciferin react with oxygen, which produces light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   QUESTION 12  1 Many organisms, (13)  from bacteria and mushrooms to certain sea creatures, insects, and others are capable of producing their own light. 2 Certain fungi, such as the jack-o-lantern mushroom, can also create light. 3 The orange jack-o-lantern mushrooms are often found growing on trees in the fall. 4 Among the terrestrial creatures are fireflies, glowworms, and some centipedes and millipedes. 5 Fox fire is another type of glowing fungus, usually found growing on dead or decaying trees. 6 At night, the gills of the mushroom, found beneath the cap and partway down the stalk, emit a greenish light. ACT English Practice Questions 1.  The writer is considering deleting On hot and humid summer evenings  from the first sentence (adjusting the capitalization as needed).  If the writer were to make this change, the paragraph would primarily lose: A. an indication of the tone that will be used in the rest of the passage.   B. details that emphasize the time of year bioluminescence must  occur. C. an example of the kinds of weather imperative for bioluminescence to occur. D. nothing, because it is irrelevant to the paragraph. 2. F. NO CHANGE G. their yard or landing on a windowsill H. his or her yard or landing on a windowsill   J. your yard or landing on a windowsill 3.   A. NO CHANGE B. its   C. its D. their 4.  Which of the following is NOT an acceptable alternative for the bold portion? F. light, this feature   G. light; this feature H. light, and this feature J. light. This dramatic feature 5.The writer would like to indicate here the surprising frequency of bioluminescence. Which choice does this most effectively while maintaining the tone of the passage and the meaning of the sentence? A. actually appears in nature at a higher frequency than one might come to expect. B. actualy  appears in nature more often than you might think. C. actually appears in nature more often than it does  not. D. actually shows up in nature more than you could ever even believe. 6. F. NO CHANGE G. most small H. smallest   J. more small 7. A. NO CHANGE B. despite having the same chemical properties as the elements.   C. that has the same chemical properties as the elements that contain them. D. and have the same chemical properties as the elements that contain them. 8.   F. NO CHANGE G. atom just like H. atom, just like   J. atom:   just like 9.  Given that all the following choices are true, which choice provides the most effective transition from the preceding sentence in the paragraph to the following  one? A. When electrons absorb energy, they move to a higher orbit.   B. When electrons take in energy, they resume their normal energy level and move to the highest orbit. C. After they are energized, they move into a lower orbit. D. After they are energized, they resume their normal energy level. 10.  Which of the following is NOT an acceptable alternative to the bold  portion? F. which produce light; light from G. which produce light. Light such as that from H. that produce light. Light from J. that produce light from   11.   A. NO CHANGE B. light. Luciferase   C. light, but luciferase D. light; and luciferase 12.Which of the following sentence orders makes the paragraph the most logical? F. NO CHANGE G. 1, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3 H. 1, 4, 2, 6, 5, 3 J. 1, 4, 2, 3, 6, 5   13.   A. NO CHANGE B. from bacteria and mushrooms to certain sea creatures, insects, and others is C. from bacteria and mushrooms to certain sea creatures and insects are   D. from bacteria, mushrooms, and certain sea creatures are Questions 14 and 15 relate to the passage as a whole 14.  The writer is considering adding a statement to the beginning of the passage, clarifying the purpose for writing. Which statement LEAST emphasizes the writers purpose? F. Reading this passage will inform you of instances of bioluminescence in nature and the science behind this phenomenon. G. Although the primary cause of bioluminescence is unclear, after reading this passage, youll know a little more about the science surrounding this magical feature of nature, a few examples of it in the wild, and the chemical reactions that cause it to occur. H. After you finish reading this passage, youll be able to explain scientific data about bioluminescence and provide a few examples of this wonder in the natural world around us. J. When youve finished reading this information about bioluminescence, youll be persuaded to study the complexities of the science behind this phenomenon, and the different forms of nature preserving themselves with a bioluminescent feature.   15.  The writer would like to add a paragraph to the end of the passage challenging readers to donate money to fund research on bioluminescence in habitats around the world. Should this paragraph be added? A. Yes, because the passage is left without a conclusion, and adding a challenge to the end of this piece is a great way to create a conclusion without repeating too much information. B. Yes, because it would tie the whole point of the passage together while offering a way for readers to connect to the scientific data presented. C. No, because although the passage is left without an appropriate conclusion, adding a paragraph about donating money changes the purpose of the essay.   D. No, because the paragraph that is currently at the end sums up the passage enough for the reader to be left with information about bioluminescence that he or she didnt know prior to reading. Answers Question 1 A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although this phrase mentions weather, the rest of the essay never indicates that bioluminescence has anything to do with the weather, which gets rid of choices B and C. D is obviously incorrect.  If you completed this question second, answering all of the easy questions first and coming back to this later, youd know that!   Question 2 H  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, the antecedent is  everyone, which is singular. It requires the singular  his or her, although we can all agree that youd probably use the word  their  in spoken English. Question 3 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, we need the possessive pronoun for firefly, so  its  is appropriate.  Its  is a contraction of it is.  Its  is not a word, and  their,  Choice D, changes the pronoun to plural when it must be singular. Question 4 F  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This one is tricky, because you have to figure out which one is NOT acceptable. Choice F creates a comma splice sentence, but every other choice is structurally sound. Question 5 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choice A is too formal, choice C is inaccurate, and Choice D is too informal. Choice B maintains the casual tone the best. Question 6 H  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, the superlative form shouldve been used, which would make it smallest,   which rules out choice F. Choices G and J are never appropriate. Question 7 D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is a matter of an ambiguous pronoun reference. Were not sure if the pronoun  which  is referring back to atoms or the elements. Choice A is incorrect because it doesnt fix the ambiguity. Choice B creates a different meaning and doesnt fix the ambiguity. Choice C actually creates a new error by using the singular pronoun  has.   Question 8 H  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remember that a semicolon must follow the same rules as an end mark by joining independent clauses. Here, the second clause is not independent, so a better usage is a comma and the conjunction. Question 9 A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This sentence must join the previous and following sentences together. Since the following sentence mentions the lower orbit in the comparative sense, we have to assume that higher is what its being compared to. Question 10 J  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is one of those NOT questions, which means you simply have to cross of the stuff that does work. Here, youre looking to form a correct sentence, so check each one by plugging in. Choice J changes the meaning of the sentences altogether, so it doesnt work. Question 11 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the passage, the sentence is a run-on. So, choice A is out. Choice C creates faulty meaning, and Choice D uses the semicolon improperly. Question 12 J  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The easiest way to figure this out is by underlining the topic of each sentence, and paying close attention to transitions. That way, youll logically figure out which should come next. Question 13 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choice B creates another error: subject verb agreement. Choice D leaves out some information (insects), so it has to go. Choice A is wrong because the sentence isnt parallel in context. Question 14 J  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, youll greatly benefit from having read the entire passage. If you skimmed, youll miss out on what the author was clearly trying to do, which is to inform you about something. Since choice J says the author was trying to persuade you, it is wrong. Question 15 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although choices A and B indicate that the essay is missing a conclusion and it is, the reason for adding it is incorrect. That kind of a conclusion would neither tie anything together, nor would it keep the tone of the piece. Choice C indicates this.